中央银行：别再惊慌和犹豫，行动起来 美国经济和世界经济都面临着一个熟悉的敌人：政策的失败。纵观现代经济史，上个世纪中，不管是二十年代的西
中央银行：别再惊慌和犹豫，行动起来
美国经济和世界经济都面临着一个熟悉的敌人：政策的失败。纵观现代经济史，上个世纪中，不管是二十年代的西欧，还是三十年代的美国，或是九十年代的日本，每一次主要的金融危机之后，政府都过早放弃了为了使经济持续复苏所必须的刺激政策，甚至是反其道而行之。可悲的是，今天的世界正在重复这个错误。
现在应该做的事情是美联储和欧洲央行采取进一步的货币刺激。通过调低短期利率，他们应该买进（或者在美联储的情况下，继续购买）重大数量的政府债券，以帮助推低长期利率，并鼓励投资。正如许多人观察到的，我们需要重新平衡经济，从进口到出口，从个人消费到储蓄，从税收减免到基础设施重建，从金融部门到其他一切部门。这个调整的过程需要把资本从传统行业和行为中转到新兴行业—即进行投资。而且，在经济繁荣期我们曾经称之为”投资”的诸多行为中，资本被配置不当…被浪费…导致许多有生产性的项目被忽略。
但是不管怎样，由于现在对未来经济前景的不确定，投资己受到阻碍。而且，私营部门里存在庞大的债务负担也抑制了吸引投资的能力。换句话说，资金问题阻碍了我们调整经济结构。缓解普遍性的资金问题和提高投资者的信心是货币刺激切实要做的事。
有些人说货币的宽松政策会阻碍经济结构重组，但这说不通。还有许多观点认为，货币紧缩会促进“创造性破坏”，从而使经济复苏，实际上这也行不通。
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育，稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针，完善科技创新体系和支持政策，着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%，促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要，加强人才培养，努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设，推动文化改革发展实现新跨越，满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。
We need to make full effort to develop social undertakings. Education will remain a priority to steadily raise the level of literacy of the society as a whole. Home spun and forward looking innovation will be boosted to facilitate cutting age changes in key areas and serve further national development. The system and policies aiming at fostering innovation will be improved to pave the way for major breakthroughs in scientific and technologic discoveries. Share of R&D spending in GDP will increase to 2.2% with more effective schemes to commercialize the research outputs. Human capital development will be strengthened to form a vast supply of brain power to help achieve China's modernization program. Cultural reforms will be promoted to explore unchartered territories and meet the public's growing demand for recreational and artistic fulfillment.
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
我认识一位从中国来美国的暑期交换学生，她告诉我一件她觉得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一个美国人的家里。这家夫妇俩都是律师，有4个从上高中到小学的男孩。那个人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飞机，非常富有的样子，生活却很简单。有一次，父母两人出外度假，临走前在家里的大冰箱里为留在家里的4个孩子放好一模一样大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，还给他们每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理厨房、厕所等等。这4个孩子，大的食品不够吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事为条件，把吃不了的分一些给大的。
这确实是一个典型的美国家庭，说它典型，不是说它拥有的财产（这个家庭显然要比许多其他美国家庭富有），而是说它的价值观。
I know a chinese student who came to the united states on a summer exchange program. she told me about the things she found hard to understand about the american family where she had her home stay'. the couple were both lawyers and had four children, all boys but in various stages of schooling from primary to senior high. they had a large house, a yacht and a private jet. despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward. for example, the parents went on vacation once. before their departure, they left in the freezer four equal portions of food for the kids and assigned them specific house chores, mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom. the older boys who found their rations insufficient would have to trade with their younger siblings who could use their surplus supply as bargaining chips to reduce their share of the burden to keep the house proper and clean. i actually think this is a typical american family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household. it is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.
（责任编辑:tysd001）
