北京外国语大学2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题
I. 将下列短文译成英语(35%)
人有男女性别之分，而法律讲性别吗？
我国宪法明文规定，妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭各个方面享有与男子同等的权利。既然男女同权、男女平权，法律应该是不讲性别的，这样才能达到男女平等，才算是真正公平。
但事实上，在法律保护妇女、社会尊重妇女、男女平等的今天，男女不平等的现象依然或多或少地存在着。这是“男尊女卑”、女性依附男性的历史留下的“后遗症”。所以，大家不得不面对这样一个现实：在当代，尽管女性的地位已有了很大提高，但和男性相比，还是属于需要关照的弱势群体。
针对这一现象，我国现行法律对女性给予了特殊关照，有专门的《妇女权益保障法》，而在《婚姻法》、《继承法》等法律规定中也有专门的保护条款。对于男性，则没有这样的专门保护。从这个角度讲，法律也是讲“性别”的。
在立法中多一点女性视角，对于当代立法者更具有现实意义。单不说现实生活中存在的男女不平等现象，就是立法者大多数是男性这个事实，便有可能使我们的法律在不知不觉中就已带上男性的印记。所以，立法者必须超出社会现有的习惯来，将更多的视角投到妇女这个弱势群体上。在立法中，应多一点女性视角，对女性多一些关怀、多一些保护。
女性，是母亲，是女儿，是姐妹……在立法时多一点女性视角，并不意味着忽视男性的权益，而在于最大程度地实现男女在法律上的平等，从而实现男女在现实生活中的平等。
如果有一天，法律不再需要对女性特殊关照的性别视角，那么，男女之间，就真正地平等了。
II. 将下列单句译成英语(15%)
1.革命是解放生产力， 改革也是解放生产力。
2. 计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。
3. 总之，几年的实践证明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是走对了。
III. 将下列短文译成汉语(35%)
In England in the early 17th century, the Stuart monarchy, to finance its expenditures, increasingly resorted to “forced loans” – where the lender had no recourse if loans were not repaid. This practice was one of many highly visible signs that the regime had no commitment to protecting property rights. Other indications include outright confiscation of land and funds, forced public procurement at below-market prices, a willingness to remove judges who ruled against the Crown, and the sale of monopoly rights over various lucrative economic activities. This arbitrary exercise of sovereign power was interrupted during the civil war in the middle of the century, but the restoration of the monarchy was accompanied by the return of the same excesses.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 ushered in a series of fundamental changes in political institutions that limited the arbitrary exercise of power by the sovereign. The revolution established the supremacy of parliament over the taxes and audit the expenditures of the Crown. These steps were followed by the establishment of the Bank of England, which exercised important control over public finances. The result of these changes was a more equitable division of power between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. These restraints on the arbitrary exercise of power greatly enhanced the state’s ability to finance public expenditures by issuing debt.
The impact of these changes in political institutions and in the protection of property rights can be seen in the development of debt markets. In 1688 the Crown was able to place public debt equivalent to only 2 to 3 percent of GDP – and only of very short maturity and at very high interest rates. By 1697 the Crown was able to place and service debt equivalent to 40 percent of GDP, at lower interest rates and with longer maturities. The emergence of a functioning public debt market in turn benefited the development of the private capital markets that helped finance the Industrial Revolution that followed.
Ⅳ.将下列单句译成汉语(15%)
（责任编辑:Allen）
