2013年北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业：英语同声传译 科目名称：英汉互译
（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
The elections in France and Greece tell us that austerity fatigue has set in. This is not surprising. For many countries no plausible exit exists from depression, deflation and despair. If the currency union were a normal fixed exchange rate arrangement, it would collapse, as did the gold standard in the 1930s and the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s. The question is whether the fact that it is a monetary union will do more than delay that outcome. Mr.Hollande says his mission is to give Europe “a dimension of growth and prosperity”. So can he achieve this laudable aim?
Fiscal tightening does not improve outcomes in shrinking economies. Thus, austerity is merely begetting more austerity. According to IMF, the ratio of gross public debt to gross domestic product will rise, not fall, in every year from 2008 to 2013 in Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. It will briefly fall in Greece, but only because of its debt restructuring. The IMF forecasts that the economy will shrink this year, in real terms, and growth is forecast, optimistically, at close to zero in these countries in 2013. This is politically perilous. The emergence of still more extremist parties and a rising sense of betrayal seems inevitable. （206）
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
The massive new U.S. oil and gas output has brought talk of American energy independence back into vogue. Just five years ago, the experts were bracing for the United States to become dependent on imported liquefied natural gas, with uncertain geopolitical consequences, such as dependence on vulnerable Middle Eastern suppliers and entanglement in a global gas market in which Moscow plays a troubling role. That now seems like ancient history, as record gas production has spared the United States the need for large-scale imports.
The math is shakier when it comes to oil. The most bullish projections foresee around 15 million barrels a day of U.S. liquid fuels production by 2020, while the consultancy Wood MacKenzie claims that U.S. production could rise to about 10 million barrels a day by the close of this decade and 15 million before the end of the next. In any case, U.S. consumption is vastly greater. As of 2009, Americans burned through nearly 19 million barrels of oil-based liquid fuels each day to power their cars, trucks, and factories, and although that figure has edged down over the past couple of years, domestic supply is still a long way from matching U.S. Demand.
That said, U.S. demand for oil appears to have peaked. While part of the recent fall can be chalked up to slow economic growth, sustained high oil prices and improving automobile technology are also at work. New fuel- economy standards, if they stick, could drive U.S. consumption down much further. Ultimately, though, it’s a massive stretch to think the United States will eliminate the gap between oil supply and demand anytime soon.
In any case, energy independence requires more than impressive arithmetic. As long as the United States is fully integrated into the world oil market, U.S. fuel prices will rise and fall along with events on the other side of the globe — say, a war with Iran. (316)
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。我们坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，决不会屈服于任何外来压力。我们根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，秉持公道，伸张正义。中国主张和平解决国际争端和热点问题，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，反对颠覆别国合法政权，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将以更加积极的姿态参与国际事务，发挥负责任大国作用，与各国人民共同应对全球性挑战。（197）
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
我们发现，加班问题是所有工厂长期以来形成的习惯，连工人们都认为打工就是要加班的。而加班是工厂在不增加生产设施和人工成本的前提下增加生产能力的最好途径。例如，在东莞常平镇某服装厂，每月只有13万打的生产能力，但工厂却接了25万打的生产定单。生产任务严重超过生产能力的情况，使加班问题变得无可避免，而且有愈演愈烈的倾向。随着定单价格的下降和交货期的缩短，工人的加班情况也愈加严重。而我们访问深圳福田区的一个电子厂的工人，竟然有84小时连续工作的记录，很多工人因为体力不支，而晕倒在车间。加班问题实际上已经成为损害工人身体健康和合法权益的大问题，在各种类型的私营、外资企业中均普遍存在。(290)
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