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科技英语的词汇和句法特点(2)

<< 返回业内先知 2017-12-28来源:口译
As oil is found deep in ground ,its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface .Consequently , a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out .If it is thought

   As oil is found deep in ground ,its presence cannot  be  determined by a study of the surface .Consequently , a geological survey of the underground  rock structure  must be carried out .If it is thought  that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled .The most obvious part of drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift section of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled a steel pipe is pushed to prevent the sides from falling in .If oil is struck a cover is firmly to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
(石油埋葬于地层深处。因此,仅研究地层表面,无法确定有无石油,必须勘察低下的岩石结构。如果确定了某一区域的岩石层蕴藏着石油,就此安装钻机。它的主要部分是机架,用以撑架一节一节的钢管,让其下到井孔。一边钻井,一边下钢管,以防周围土层塌陷。一旦出油,就紧固管盖,让油从各个阀门喷出)
Explanations of the earth‘s magnetic field based on the rotation of a liquid conducting core although far from complete are generally accepted.
(用液态导电地心的旋转来解释地球磁场,尽管还很不完善,但正在获得普遍承认。)
常使用形容词短语作后置定语:这种情况在科技英语中很多,现举几例:
All radiant energy has wavelike characteristics analogous to those  of waves that move through water.
(所有的辐射能都具有波的特征,与水中移动的波的特征相似)。
   Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to  perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.
(能学会做工,并能孜孜不倦地工作,但不能行走的机器人,今天已在世界各地的工厂得到了使用。)
3、使用非谓语动词的频率加高
科技英语中比普通英语中使用非谓语动词的频率较高。下面举两例,看看其中用非谓语动词的情况:
Today the electric computer is widely using in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.
(今天,电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题,这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送入轨道有关。)
Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium; the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored , refused or modified when be required.
(少量或中量生产产品时,数控机是极为有用的。人们可以存储录制生产零件资料的磁带。需要时,还可重新使用或修改。)
以上两句中使用了所有的非谓语动词形式(动名词除外)。这些仅是极普通的例子,但也可见一斑了。
三、科技英语修辞上的特点
科技英语的语体不同于文学英语,有它自己的修辞特点,可从下列三方面叙述:
时态运用有限:仅管英语有十六种时态,但在科技英语中却顶多使用五种时态。据美国科技英语专家发现:叙述过去的研究一个剧本,常用过去时,偶尔也用现在完成时,讨论某一计划时用将来时,叙述部分用现在时。另外也用进行时,偶尔用过去完成时态。这里无需举例,译为举目皆是。
修辞手法简单:科技英语中很少用夸张、明喻、隐喻、借喻、拟人、对照等修辞手法。因为科技英语注重事实和逻辑,所以往往用图表、公式、数字的时候多。在科技英语中如果滥用修辞手法反而弄巧成拙,破坏了科学的严肃性。另外不同于一篇小说,发展一高潮一尾声的过程。有的是叙述、推理、结论等的过程,这样就决定了科技英语修辞单调的特点。
逻辑一语法词使用普遍:由于科技英语本身的特点(即推理、论证⋯⋯),就决定了逻辑语法词大量使用这一特点,如表示原因用:
表示原因用:because, because of ; due to ,owing to; as, as a result of; caused by ,for
表示逻辑顺序的用: but, however, nevertheless , otherwise
表示限制用:only, if only ,except ,besides, unless
表示假设用:suppose, supposing, assuming, provided, providing
上述词的正确使用和理解有助于正确翻译科技文章,否则就不可能准确表达原文的意思。


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